Binary eutectic microstructure and lever rule simulator Lead–tin system
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and H. Yan, Queen Mary University of London
Quantitative lever rule spatial mapping (TE = 183.0 °C, CE = 61.9 wt% Sn, all concentrations in wt%)
Presets:
Phase diagram (T vs C₀)
Liquidus Solidus TE Isotherm Solvus
C₀: 30.0 wt% Sn | T: 250.0 °C
Solidification stage: Homogeneous liquid
Thermodynamic state variables
Hypoeutectic alloy
wt% Sn
0% (Pb, 327 °C) 18.3% (αmax) 61.9% (CE) 97.8% (βmax) 100% (Sn, 232 °C)
°C
25 °C (Ambient) 183 °C (TE invariant) 350 °C (Molten)
Liquidus Tliq
261.2 °C
Eutectic TE
183.0 °C
Solvus Tsolv
142.5 °C
Metallographic microstructure (etched, 250×)
α (Dark etched Pb-rich) β (Bright silvery Sn-rich) Liquid melt
Scale: 50 µm |───|
Primary proeutectic α: 73.2% Eutectic matrix (α+β): 26.8%
Microstructural status: ✓ 100% Space-filling geometry active
Quantitative lever-rule solver
2 Coexisting phases
Left phase (C₁)
18.3 wt%
Alloy composition (C₀)
30.0 wt%
Right phase (C₂)
45.7 wt%
Thermodynamic phase Composition Total phase fraction Microstructural form