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Subroutine MAP_STEEL_COOLCU

  1. Provenance of code.
  2. Purpose of code.
  3. Specification.
  4. Description of subroutine's operation.
  5. References.
  6. Parameter descriptions.
  7. Error indicators.
  8. Accuracy estimate.
  9. Any additional information.
  10. Example of code
  11. Auxiliary subroutines required.
  12. Keywords.
  13. Download source code.
  14. Links.

Provenance of Source Code

H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia,
Phase Transformations Group,
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K.

Subroutine added: April 1999

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Purpose

Calculates the cooling curve for the fusion zone of a steel weld deposit.

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Specification

Language:FORTRAN
Product form:Source code

& SUBROUTINE MAP_STEEL_COOLCU(VOLT, CURR, EFF, SPEED, TINT, C1, C2,
& CTEMP, TIME, TIM, IFAIL)

& DOUBLE PRECISION CTEMP(16),TIME(16)
& DOUBLE PRECISION C1,C2,CURR,EFF,SPEED,THIGH,TIM,TINT,TLOW,VOLT

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Description

MAP_STEEL_COOLCU calculates the cooling curve for the fusion zone of a steel weld deposit from equation (1b) of reference [1]:

dT/dt = (C1/(Q.eta)).(T - Ti)C2 ,

where:
dT/dt is the cooling rate,
Q is the heat input (Jm-1),
eta is the arc weld efficiency,
Ti is the interpass temperature and
C1 and C2 are the heat flow constants.

This equation has been shown to represent accurately the experimental cooling curves over the temperature range 800 to 500 deg. C [1]. The heat input is calculated from the welding current, welding voltage and welding speed. C1 and C2 are defined by the above equation and can be determined by fitting it to an experimental cooling curve. Values for C1 and C2 have also been determined by fitting the equation to a large data-set from many different welds [1]:

C1C2
manual metal arc1324.81.600
submerged arc4359.01.510

These values for C1 and C2 can be used to estimate the expected cooling curve.

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References

  1. L.-E. Svensson, B. Gretoft and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy,15, (1986), 97-103.

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Parameters

Input parameters

VOLT - real
VOLT is the welding voltage (volts).

CURR - real
CURR is the welding current (amperes).

EFF - real
EFF is the arc welding efficiency.

SPEED - real
SPEED is welding speed (metres per second).

TINT - real
TINT is the interpass or preheat temperature (deg. C).

C1 - real
C1 is the heat flow constant C1 described above.

C2 - real
C2 is the heat flow constant C2 described above.

Output parameters

CTEMP - real array of dimension 16
CTEMP contains the temperatures (in centigrade).

TIME - real array of dimension 16
TIME(I) is the time (in seconds) to cool to the temperature CTEMP(I).

TIM - real
TIM is the time (in seconds) taken to cool from 800oC to 500oC.

IFAIL - integer
IFAIL = 1 if TINT > 499.0, 0 otherwise.

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Error Indicators

IFAIL is set to 1 if the interpass temperature TINT is too high (> 499oC).

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Accuracy

See reference 1.

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Further Comments

None.

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Example

1. Program text

      DOUBLE PRECISION VOLT,CURR,EFF,SPEED,TINT,C1,C2
      DOUBLE PRECISION CTEMP(16),TIME(16),TIM
      INTEGER IFAIL,L1
C
      WRITE (*,*) 'Welding voltage and welding current:'
      READ(*,*) VOLT, CURR
      WRITE (*,*) 'Welding speed and welding efficiency:'
      READ (*,*) SPEED, EFF
      WRITE (*,*) 'Interpass temperature:'
      READ(*,*) TINT
      WRITE (*,*) 'C1 and C2:'
      READ(*,*) C1, C2
      CALL MAP_STEEL_COOLCU(VOLT, CURR, EFF, SPEED, TINT,
     &     C1, C2, CTEMP, TIME, TIM, IFAIL)
      IF (IFAIL .EQ. 1) THEN
         WRITE (6,1) 
      ELSE 
         WRITE (6,2) 
         DO 100 L1=1,16
            WRITE (6,3) CTEMP(L1), TIME(L1)
  100    CONTINUE
         WRITE (6,4) TIM
      ENDIF
      STOP
    1 FORMAT ('Interpass temperature is too high')
    2 FORMAT ('Temperature (deg. C)  Time (seconds)')
    3 FORMAT (5X,F8.2,11X,F8.2)
    4 FORMAT (/'Time to cool from 800C to 500C =',F8.2,' seconds')
      END

2. Program data

 Welding voltage and welding current:
 34 180
 Welding speed and welding efficiency:
 0.004 0.775
 Interpass temperature:
 200
 C1 and C2:
 1325 1.6

3. Program results

Temperature (deg. C)  Time (seconds)
       950.00               1.07
       900.00               2.25
       850.00               3.59
       800.00               5.09
       750.00               6.81
       700.00               8.80
       650.00              11.14
       600.00              13.94
       550.00              17.35
       500.00              21.65
       450.00              27.28
       400.00              35.06
       350.00              46.76
       300.00              67.08
       250.00             115.62
       201.00            1464.48

Time to cool from 800C to 500C =   16.56 seconds

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Auxiliary Routines

None.

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Keywords

cooling curve, steel, weld, fusion zone

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Download

Download source code

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