There have been significant difficulties in the theory for the optimisation of δ-TRIP steel since the original concept was invented. In particular, the prediction of phase fractions has been notoriously unreliable using standard thermodynamic methods. New thermodynamic databases have become available and seem to explain both published and new experiments conducted to probe the data. Solidification experiments are reported in order to test the non-equilibrium retention of excess δ-ferrite in the microstructure observed at ambient temperature. These provided valuable information for comparison against kinetic simulations which prove that the excess ferrite cannot be attributed to growth phenomena. Instead, evidence is offered to show that it is the difficulty in nucleating austenite which prevents the thermodynamically required transformation of δ-ferrite.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - A, 468 (2012) 2904-2914.
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