Residual stress is that which remains in a body which is stationary and at equilibrium with its surroundings. It can be detrimental when it reduces the tolerance of the material to an externally applied force, as is the case with welded joints. On the other hand, it can be exploited to design materials or components which are resistant to damage, toughened glass being a good example. This review, which accompanies one on measurement techniques, examines the nature and origins of residual stresses on a variety of scales. This ranges from the long--range residual stress fields in engineering components and welded structures, through the interphase stresses present in composites and coatings, to the microscale interactions of phase transformations with local stresses.
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 17, 2001, 366-375.
More about residual stress and its control.
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