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Bibliography

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.


Table 1: Chemical composition range (wt%) of the steels studied. The lower half of the table shows the variables actually included in the analysis.
Element Range      Element Range
Carbon 0.1-0.8   Copper 0-0.2
Chromium 0-5   Manganese 0-2
Molybdenum 0-2   Nickel 0-2
Silicon 0-2      
Variable Range      Variable Range
Elongation / % 0.2 -61.8   0.2% Proof stress / MPa 122-1735
Tensile strength / MPa 270-2206   Specimen length / mm 13-260
Specimen thickness / mm 1.2-134   Pre-crack length / mm 1-52
Stress ratio -1-1   Frequency / Hz 1-150
$ \Delta K$ / MPam$ ^{1/2}$ 2.5-142   $ \frac{da}{dN}$ / mm cycle$ ^{-1}$ 9.82$ \times$10$ ^{-10}$-4.86$ \times$10$ ^{-1}$
       


Table 2: The inputs for the predictions in Figs 5, 6, 7 covering nickel, titanium and aluminium alloys.
Variable Figure number
  5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f 6a 6b 7a 7b
Elongation / % 5 15 20 20 27 33 14 8 20 14
0.2% Proof stress / MPa 1020 1172 1113 1113 1076 921 930 524 1172 940
Tensile strength / MPa 1520 1404 1373 1373 1441 1351 970 464 1440 998
Specimen length / mm 72.5 63.5 50.8 31.8 62.5 5 155 155 7 7
Specimen thickness / mm 12.5 25.4 12.7 8.89 25 3 40 40 7 7
Pre-crack length / mm 12.5 18.3 6.4 5.3 17.5 0.4 9 9 0.5 0.5
Stress ratio 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.5 0.5 -1 0.5 0.1 0.5
Frequency / Hz 40 20 0.667 0.667 20 100 20 20 0.25 100
                   

Figure 1: Distribution of data used to create the model.
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{elv.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{tens.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{profstre.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{speclengt.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{specwidt.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{specpre.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{stresrati.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{freque1.eps} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{logdkda.eps}

Figure 2: Performance of the committee of models on the entire dataset of 12807 experiments.
\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{pvmcomch2.eps}

Figure 3: Perceived significance of the inputs in the committee model. Both the mean significance and the upper and lower limits from the members of the committee are shown.
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{sig22.eps}
Figure: Calculations for a bearing steel. The points represent experimental data from [32], whereas the uncertainty range illustrated is calculated.
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{pred111.eps}

Figure: Predictions represented by the uncertainty range, and experimental data presented as points, for nickel based superalloys. (a) Udimet 700, data from [33]. (b) Inconel 718 with data dues to [34]. (c,d) Inconel 718, data from [35]. (e) Waspaloy, data from [36]. (f) Waspaloy, data from [37].
[]\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{100.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{101.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{102.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{103.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{105.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{106.eps}

Figure: Calculations (uncertainty ranges) for titanium and aluminium alloys compared with measurements (points) due to [38,39].
[]\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{TiAlV.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{7075.eps}

Figure 7: Blind predictions for Ti 6/4 forging material.
[]\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{bt11.eps} []\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{bt22.eps}


next up previous
Next: About this document ... Up: Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Previous: Acknowledgements
2010-01-02