Mechanical Properties of Martensite in Heat-Resistant Steels

H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia

Abstract

It is interesting that martensite is the key microstructure in the most modern of creep resistant steels. This may be an accidental consequence of alloy design, or it may be a fortunate outcome. For the energy generation industries, the temperatures are such that creep occurs with the climb of dislocations over obstacles. It is argued that in these circumstances, it is favourable to have a fine martensite plate microstructure. Factors controlling the size of martensite plates are discussed and novel experiments are proposed to identify the role of the martensite plate boundaries. At the same time, there are some detrimental consequences of a martensitic or bainitic microstructure which need to be controlled for optimum properties.

Proceedings of Ultra-Steel 2000, National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan, 2000, pp. 205-214.

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• "The Microstructure as a Time-Temperature Recorder: Remaining Life Prediction"
  Heat and Surface '92,
  ed. I. Tamura,
  Japan Technical Information Service, Tokyo, 1992, pp. 19-24.
  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Carbide Composition Changes in Power Plant Steels.
  Part I: Bainitic Microstructures"
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  R. C. Thomson and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Carbide Composition Changes in Power Plant Steels.
  Part II: Mixed Microstructures"
  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 10, 1994, 205-208.
  R. C. Thomson and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Atom Probe and STEM studies of Carbide Precipitation in 2.25Cr1Mo Steel"
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  R. C. Thomson and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Carbide Compositions in 12Cr1MoV Power Plant Steel"
  Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 23A, 1992, pp. 1171-1179.
  R. C. Thomson and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Carbide Precipitation Sequences during the Carburisation of CrMo Steels"
  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 8, 1992, 875-882.
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  Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. A154, 1992, 197-205.
  X. Du, R. C. Thomson, J. A. Whiteman and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "A New Model for Simultaneous Transformation Kinetics in Power Plant
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  Proceedings of Creep '96: Creep Resistant Metallic Materials,
  published by Vítkovice, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 1996, pp. 83-91.
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• "Kinetics of Precipitation in Power Plant Steels"
  Calphad, Vol. 20, 1996, pp. 447-460.
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• "Modelling the Mechanical Properties in the HAZ of Power
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  Microstructural development and stability in high chromium
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  Part I, Kinetic Theory"
  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 13, 1997, pp. 631-639
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• " Modelling Precipitation Sequences in Power Plant Steels:
  Part II, Application of Kinetic Theory"
  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 13, 1997, pp. 640-644
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• "Modelling the Mechanical Properties in the HAZ of Power Plant Steels"
  Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena-3, eds. H. Cerjak and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Institute of Materials, 1997, 403-442.
  T. Cool, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and D. J. C. MacKay
  
• "Modelling the Development of Microstructure in Power Plant Steels"
  Microstructural development and stability in high chromium ferritic power plant steels, eds. A. Strang and D. J. Gooch, Institute of Materials, London, 1997, pp. 179-208
  J. D. Robson and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
  
• "Austenite Formation in 9Cr1Mo Type Power Plant Steels"
  Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 2, 1997, pp. 36-42.
  T. Cool and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
  
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  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 15 (1999) 547-554.
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• "Power Plant Steels: Remanent Life Assessment and the Approach to Equilibrium
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  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
  
• "Design of Creep-Resistant Steel Welds"
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  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
  
• "Precipitation Reactions in 3Cr1Mo Power Plant Steel"
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• "Ferritic Power Plant Steels: Remanent Life Assessment and The Approach to Equilibrium"
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• "Precipitation Reactions in 10CrMoV Steel: Comparison with Theory"
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  N. Fujita and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
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  J. D. Robson and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
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  A. Strang, V. Vodarek and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
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  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Design of Creep-Resistant Steels"
  Proceedings of Ultra-Steel 2000, National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan, 2000, pp. 89-108.
  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Mechanical Properties of Martensite in Heat-Resistant Steels"
  Proceedings of Ultra-Steel 2000, National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan, 2000, pp. 205-214.
  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• "Royal Society Charles Algernon Parsons Memorial Lecture, 2000"
  Proceedings of Parsons 2000, Advanced Materials for 21st Century Turbines and Power Plant, eds A. Strang, W. M. Banks, R. D. Conroy, G. M. McColvin, J. C. Neal and S. Simpson, published by The Institute of Materials, London, 2000, pp. 4-39.
  Also published in ISIJ International, Vol. 41, 2001, 626-640.
  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
• Simultaneous alloy carbide sequence in power plant steels
  ISIJ International, Vol. 42, 2002, 760-769.
  N. Fujita and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
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  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Vol. 44, 2003, 299-314.
  H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and T. Sourmail

• "Neural network model of creep strength of austenitic stainless steels"
  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 18, 2002, 655-663.
  T. Sourmail, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and D. J. C. MacKay
• "Review: Precipitation in Creep-Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steels"
  Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 17, 2001. pp. 1-14.
  T. Sourmail

• Neural Networks
• Other publications
• Creep experiment for undergraduates

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