Quantitative Metallography of Deformed Grains

Q. Zhu, C. M. Sellars. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia

Abstract

The effect of plastic deformation on the grain boundary surface area per unit volume and edge length per unit volume is examined using two methods. First, by applying homogeneous deformations to tetrakaidecahedra in a variety of orientations, and then by using the principles of stereology. It is shown that the methods produce essentially identical results. It is now possible to calculate changes in the grain parameters as a function of a variety of deformations, for combinations of deformations, for complex deformations, and for cases where it is not necessary to assume an idealised grain microstructure.

Materials Science and Technology 23 (2007) 757-766.

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Additional materials (zipped archive)

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teapot

Photograph courtesy
of David Warrington,
tetrakaidecahedron

Podcasts

A short audio interview of Harry Bhadeshia by Mathew Peet, on the content of the paper.

Computer Programs

MAP_STEEL_TOPOLOGY PROGRAM: Topology of grain deformation, permitting calculation of grain surface and edge as a function of strain for a variety of deformation modes.


cold.rolling.mill
Rolling of stainless steel into thin sheet. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
Extrusion1
Hot-extrusion. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
Extrusion2
Hot-extrusion of stainless steel. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
Stegvalsning1_1
The extruded, seamless stainless steel tubes. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
Stegvalsning2
Stepwise reduction of diameter. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.

Stacking of Uniform and Nonuniform Objects

The following images have kindly been provided by Professor Rongshan Qin, POSTECH, Korea.

Slide1
Space-filling stack of equal-sized tetrakaidecahedra
Slide2
Space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra
Slide3
Edges of space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra
Slide4
Space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra
Slide5
Edges of space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra
DSC00427
Tetrakaidecahedra made by Professor Rongshan Qin
teline2 teline tebody
tetraA tetraB tetraC


The following links show additional examples of the kind of processing where the work enshrined in the paper can be exploited.



Superalloys Titanium Bainite Martensite Widmanstätten ferrite
Cast iron Welding Allotriomorphic ferrite Movies Slides
Neural Networks Creep Mechanicallly Alloyed Theses Retained Austenite

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