Quantitative Metallography of Deformed Grains
Q. Zhu, C. M. Sellars. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
Abstract
The effect of plastic deformation on the grain boundary surface area per unit volume and edge length per unit volume is examined using two methods. First, by applying homogeneous deformations to tetrakaidecahedra in a variety of orientations, and then by using the principles of stereology. It is shown that the methods produce essentially identical results. It is now possible to calculate changes in the grain parameters as a function of a variety of deformations, for combinations of deformations, for complex deformations, and for cases where it is not necessary to assume an idealised grain microstructure.
Materials Science and Technology 23 (2007) 757-766.
Podcasts
A short audio interview of Harry Bhadeshia by Mathew Peet, on the content of the paper.
Computer Programs
MAP_STEEL_TOPOLOGY |
PROGRAM: Topology of grain deformation, permitting calculation of grain surface and edge as a function of strain for a variety of deformation modes. |
Rolling of stainless steel into thin sheet. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
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Hot-extrusion. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
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Hot-extrusion of stainless steel. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
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The extruded, seamless stainless steel tubes. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
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Stepwise reduction of diameter. Photograph courtesy of Jan-Olof Nilsson.
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Stacking of Uniform and Nonuniform Objects
The following images have kindly been provided by Professor Rongshan Qin, POSTECH, Korea.

Space-filling stack of equal-sized tetrakaidecahedra |

Space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra |

Edges of space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra |

Space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra |

Edges of space-filling stack of nonuniform objects derived from tetrakaidecahedra |

Tetrakaidecahedra made by Professor Rongshan Qin |
The following links show additional examples of the kind of processing where the work enshrined in the paper can be exploited.